一：REST framweork 单表序列化例子

1.新建一个Django项目并创建一个APP

目录结构：

  

 

 

2. sudo pip3 install djangorestframework markdown django-filter     # 安装所需模块

3.settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [....'rest_framework',]

4.编写测试模型：models.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class Classg(models.Model):    cname = models.CharField(max_length=20)    number = models.IntegerField()     teacher = models.ManyToManyField('Teacher', related_name='tracks')class Studnet(models.Model):    sname = models.CharField(max_length=20)    age = models.IntegerField()    sex = models.BooleanField(default=0)    classg = models.ForeignKey('Classg', related_name='tracks', on_delete=None)    course = models.OneToOneField('Course', on_delete=None)class Course(models.Model):    cname = models.CharField(max_length=20)class Teacher(models.Model):    tname = models.CharField(max_length=20)    # 在本项目的根目录的终端进行同步迁移：

1. python3 manage.py migrate
2. python3 manage.py makemigrations
3. python3 manage.py migrate

5.测试数据插入：在本项目的跟目录创建一个  insert_data.py

import os, django#  外部调用 Django modelsos.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "proj.settings")django.setup()from  celeryapp01.models import *import sysc1 = Classg.objects.create(cname='三年级一班', number=30)c2 = Classg.objects.create(cname='三年级二班', number=60)s1 = Course.objects.create(cname='数学')s2 = Course.objects.create(cname='语文')st1 = Studnet.objects.create(sname='张三', age=28, sex=1, classg=c1, course=s1)st2 = Studnet.objects.create(sname='李四', age=29, sex=0, classg=c2, course=s2)t1 = Teacher.objects.create(tname='比利')t2 = Teacher.objects.create(tname='许Var强')# 多对多正向插入c1.teacher.add(t1)c2.teacher.add(t2)

6.celeryapp01 下创建 rest_serializer.py

from rest_framework import serializersfrom celeryapp01 import modelsclass StudentSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = models.Studnet        fields = ('sname', 'age', 'sex',)  # 这里将 你所想展示出来的字段

 7.celeryapp01 下创建 rest_views.py

from rest_framework import viewsetsfrom celeryapp01 import modelsfrom celeryapp01.rest_serializer import StudentSerizlizerclass StudentViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Studnet.objects.all()    serializer_class = StudentSerizlizer

8.在主路由的 urls.py ：

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),    path(r'celeryapp01/', include('celeryapp01.api_urls')),]

9.app的二级路由 api_urls.py:

from django.urls import path,includefrom celeryapp01 import viewsfrom rest_framework import routersfrom celeryapp01.rest_views import StudentViewSetrouter = routers.DefaultRouter()router.register(r'students', StudentViewSet)urlpatterns = [    path(r'api/', include(router.urls)),] # 逻辑关系

 10.访问

 

------------------------以上是单表序列化--------------------------------

 

二：REST framweork 多表序列化例子

1.一对一：在 rest_serializer.py   添加如下

# 一对一，一个学生对应一个总分表的行对象class StudentSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    cname = serializers.CharField(source='course.cname') # 查询与之关联的一对一关系字段    class Meta:        model = models.Studnet        fields = ('sname', 'age', 'sex', 'cname')class CourseSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = models.Course        fields = ('cname',)

rest_views.py 添加如下：

class StudentViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Studnet.objects.all()    serializer_class = StudentSerizlizer        class CourseViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Course.objects.all()    serializer_class = CourseSerizlizer

api_urls.py 添加如下：

router.register(r'students', StudentViewSet)router.register(r'courses', CourseViewSet)

访问：

 

 

2.多对多(多个班级对应多个老师，多个老师对应多个班级)：在 rest_serializer.py   添加如下

class ClassgSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    tracks = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True)  # 一对多    class Meta:        model = models.Classg        fields = ('cname', 'number', 'tracks')class TeacherSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    tracks = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)  # 多对多    class Meta:        model = models.Teacher        fields = ('tname','tracks')

 

rest_views.py 添加如下：

class ClassgViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Classg.objects.all()    serializer_class = ClassgSerizlizerclass TeacherViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()    serializer_class = TeacherSerizlizer

api_urls.py：与一对一一样，换成相应的类一下即可

访问：

 

3.一对多（一个班级对应多个学生）rest_serializer.py添加如下：

class ClassgSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    tracks = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True)  # 一对多必须要添加这行代码    class Meta:        model = models.Classg        fields = ('cname', 'number', 'tracks')class StudentSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    cname = serializers.CharField(source='course.cname')  # 查询与之相关联的行对象    class Meta:        model = models.Studnet        fields = ('sname', 'age', 'sex', 'cname')

 rest_views.py :

class ClassgViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Classg.objects.all()    serializer_class = ClassgSerizlizer class TeacherViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()    serializer_class = TeacherSerizlizer

 

 启动：

 

 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

完整代码：

rest_serializer.py

from rest_framework import serializersfrom celeryapp01 import modelsclass ClassgSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    tracks = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True)    class Meta:        model = models.Classg        fields = ('cname', 'number', 'tracks')class StudentSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    cname = serializers.CharField(source='course.cname')    class Meta:        model = models.Studnet        fields = ('sname', 'age', 'sex', 'cname')class CourseSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    class Meta:        model = models.Course        fields = ('cname',)class TeacherSerizlizer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):    tracks = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True)    class Meta:        model = models.Teacher        fields = ('tname', 'tracks' )

 

rest_views.py

from rest_framework import viewsetsfrom celeryapp01 import modelsfrom celeryapp01.rest_serializer import StudentSerizlizer, ClassgSerizlizer,CourseSerizlizer,TeacherSerizlizerclass StudentViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Studnet.objects.all()    serializer_class = StudentSerizlizerclass CourseViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Course.objects.all()    serializer_class = CourseSerizlizerclass ClassgViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Classg.objects.all()    serializer_class = ClassgSerizlizerclass TeacherViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):    queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()    serializer_class = TeacherSerizlizer

 

 api_urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,includefrom celeryapp01 import viewsfrom rest_framework import routersfrom celeryapp01.rest_views import StudentViewSet, ClassgViewSet, CourseViewSet,TeacherViewSetrouter = routers.DefaultRouter()router.register(r'students', StudentViewSet)router.register(r'courses', CourseViewSet)router.register(r'classgs', ClassgViewSet)router.register(r'teachers', TeacherViewSet)urlpatterns = [    url(r'api/', include(router.urls)),]

 

 

 总结：

1.具有一对多、多对多关系的model，也想序列化，必须要在关联字段里添加参数 ：related_name='tracks'  如：                                                             classg = models.ForeignKey('Classg', related_name='tracks', on_delete=None) 2.

tracks = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True) #一对多

tracks = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=True) # 多对多

这两个序列化字段很有意思，如：A表和B表关系为一对多，模型的字典字段定义在B表，那么tracks = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True) 必须写在B序列化的类里 多对多也是如此。